DEFINISI
Direct speech adalah
kata-kata (kalimat) yang diucapkan langsung dari pembicara. Kalimat tersebut
tidak diubah atau ditambah.
Indirect speech adalah
kata-kata(kalimat) direct speech yang diceritakan kembali dengan cara lain,
tetapi tidak mengubah dengan tidak mengulangi lagi pembicaraan.
PENJELASAN
Untuk lebih memahami
perbedaan antara direct speeh dengan indirect speech dapat dilihat dari contoh
dibawah ini :
• He said : “ I am
very hungry” (Direct speech)
• He said that he was
very hungry (Indirect speech)
Catatan :
Dari contoh diatas
dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan antara direct speech dan indirect speech
adalah bahwa dalam direct speech atau kalimat langsung memakai tanda kutip
sedangkan dalam indirect speech atau kalimat tidak langsung tanda kutip tidak
dipakai.
Direct dan Indirect
speech dapat dibagi dalam 3 bagian :
1. Command (Perintah)
2. Statement
(Pernyataan)
3. Question
(Pertanyaan)
COMMAND
Command terdiri dari 2
jenis :
Positive Command
Negative Command
Positive Command
Dalam pola ini kalimat
pengantar dinyatakan dengan kata kerja : tell, ask, advise, etc. Diikuti oleh
to infinitive.
Kalimat pengantar :
He asked me to
He told me to +
reporter words
He ordered to
contoh-contoh positive
command :
Direct : The teacher
said to me : “open your book”
Indirect : The teacher
asked me to open my book
Direct : The doctor
said to me : ”stay in bed for a few days”
Indirect : The doctor
told me to stay in bed for a few days
Direct : They ordered
him : “wait until we turn”
Indirect : They ordered
him to wait until they turn
Negative Command
Kalimat pengantar :
He asked me
He told me not to +
reporter words
He ordered me
Contoh-contoh negative
command :
• Direct : Father
asked me : “ Don’t go out”
Indirect : Father
asked me no to go out
• Direct : He said to
me :’’Don’t make the same mistake again”
Indirect : He told me
not to make the same mistake again
• Direct : She ordered
anna :”Please don’t make me confused”
Indirect : She ordered
anna not to make her confused
STATEMENT
Dalam indirect
statement, “that” digunakan sebagai penghubung antar kalimat pengantar dan
kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported speech)
Kalimat pengantar
dalam statement :
He said
+that+reported words
He told me
Contoh-contoh :
• Direct : He said,
“Adi is ill”
Indirect : He said
that adi was ill
• Direct : She told
me, “I am studying English now”
Indirect : she told me
that she was studying English now
• Direct : Rina said,
“he will work hard”
Indirect : Rina said
that he would work hard
• Direct : He told me,
“ I have written a letter”
Indirect : He told me
that I had written a letter
• Direct : She said, “
I have been working here for 3 years”
Indirect : She said
that he had been working here for 3 years:
Catatan:
Ada beberapa perubahan
perubahan dari Direct ke Indirect Speech
1. To be and
Auxiliries
2. Time and Place
3. Tenses
QUESTION
Bila pertanyaan
langsung dalam bentuk YES dan NO answer maka IF atau WHETHER sebagai pendukung
antara introductory phrase dan reported words.
Kalimat pengantar
untuk pola ialah :
He asked me
IF/WHETHER………
Contoh-contoh :
Direct : we asked the
man “Do you like coffe?”
Indirect : we asked
the man if/whether he liked coffe
Direct : seisy asked
Helen : “have you seen that film?”
Indirect : seisy asked
Helen if/whether she had seen that film
Direct : we asked him
:”will you be doing anything by this time tomorrow?”
Indirect : we asked
him if/whether he would be doing anything by this time tomorrow
Auxiliaries
Direct : the man asked
me :’’can you speak English?
Indirect : the man
asked me if/whether I could speak English
Bila pertanyaan
menggunakan kata-kata Tanya seperti : where, when, what, why,
who,whose,how,etc. maka kata-kata tersebut berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara
introductory pharse dan reported words, dengan pola sbb:
He asked me + Question
Words+reported words(positive)
Contoh-contoh :
Direct : we asked the
man :’where do you live?”
Indirect : we asked
the man where he lived
Direct : we asked him
:’’ where were you going by 5 p.m yesterday?”
Indirect : we asked
him where he had been going by 5 p.m yesterday
MIXED TYPE (GABUNGAN)
Bila suatu
pernyataan(statement), dan pertanyaan (question) digabung maka digunakan kata
penghubung AND dan AS. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut ini:
Direct : adi said to
seisi : I’am off to the movie. Where are you going?
Indirect : adi said to
seisi that he was off to the movie and asked where she was going
Direct : the man asked
me :’’what time is it? My watch has stopped’’
Indirect : the man
asked me what time it was as his watch had stopped
Bila suatu pertanyaan
dan jawabannya (YES & NO) digabung, maka digunakan kata penghubung AND dan
BUT. Contoh :
Direct : I asked
him:’’Do you like this?Yes, (I do)
Indirect : I asked him
if/whether he liked that and he said he did
Direct : nia asked
doni :’’will you go out tonight? No, (I won’t)
Indirect : nia asked
donin if/whether he would go out that night but he said he wouldn’t
Beberapa hal penting
yang perlu diperhatikan
A Must
Dalam bentuk present
Must menjadi Had to
Contoh :
Direct :She told me,
“You must stay She told me that
Indirect :here until
11.00” I had to stay there until 11.00
Dalam bentuk future
Must menjadi would
have to
Contoh:
Direct :She told
me,”you must come again tomorrow"
Indirect :She told me
that I would have to come the following day
Larangan atau hukuman
Must menjadi
musn’t/wasn’t to
Direct :He told
me,”you musn’t drive a car without license"
Indirect :He told me
that I musn’t a car without a license drive
B. Kebenaran umum
tidak mengalami perubahan tense
Contoh :
Direct : he told
me,’’the sun rises in the east”
Indirect : he told me
the sun rises in the east
C. Offers (Menawarkan)
Contoh :
Direct : “shall I
bring you some tea?”
Indirect :he offered
to bring me some tea
D. Let’s
Let’s biasanya
menyatakan suatu ajakan dan kemudian menjadi suatu saran dalam indirect speech
Contoh :
Direct : He
said,”let’s leave the case at the station”
Indirect : He
suggested leaving the case at the station
E . Exclamation
Exclamations(seruan,heran,kagum,dsb).
Harus menjadi suatu pernyataan dalam indirect speech
Contoh:
Direct : he said,”what
a beautiful hair she has!”
Indirect : he said
that she had a beautiful hair
Direct : he said,”what
a dreadful thing!”
Indirect : he said
that it was a dreadful thing
