Parallel Construction

Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as “and” or “or.”

Some examples of parallel structure of words and phrases include the following:

Correct                 : Tim likes to ski, to swim and to jump.

Incorrect              : Tim likes to ski, to swim and jumping.

Correct                 : Mary wanted to make sure that she made her presentation creatively, effectively and persuasively.

Incorrect              : Mary wanted to make sure she made her presentation creatively, effectively and persuaded others.

Correct                 : His reasons for refusing are: first, the salary is too low; second, the hours are too long; and third, the work is too hard.

Incorrect              : His reasons for refusing are: first, the salary is too low; second, that the hours are too long; third, the work is too hard.

Correct                 :  The oak tree in Jana’s garden is both tall and wide.

Incorrect              : It is both a tall and very wide oak tree in Jana’s garden.

Correct                 : Her car is newer than Eddy’s [car].

Incorrect              : Her car is newer than Eddy.  (You are comparing cars, not the car to Ed